# BenchMaths

> BenchMaths (https://benchmaths.com) is a free web app with 14 engineering calculators for welding, fabrication, hydraulics/pneumatics and motors, written by a welding engineer. Every result shows its formula and the standard it is based on. English and Turkish, metric and imperial units; free account with Google or e-mail.

Use it for: preheat temperature (EN 1011-2), welding heat input (EN 1011-1), t8/5 cooling time, filler metal and shielding gas selection, weld metal and consumables, WPS generation (EN ISO 15609-1) with PDF, steel weight / bill of materials, 1D bar cutting optimisation, true-shape DXF sheet nesting, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinder force, vacuum cups, motor sizing, motor current and cable size (IEC 60364-5-52).

## Welding

- [Welding heat input calculator](https://benchmaths.com/heat-input-calculator/): Free welding heat input calculator: arc energy and heat input in kJ/mm from voltage, current and travel speed, with the EN 1011-1 thermal efficiency factor k for MIG/MAG, TIG, SMAW and SAW. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/isi-girdisi-hesaplama/)
- [Preheat temperature calculator](https://benchmaths.com/preheat-calculator/): Minimum preheat temperature for welding by material and plate thickness: EN 1011-2 Annex C method B (CET), Seferian, CE(IIW) and Pcm. Covers S235–S960, Hardox, Strenx, Cr-Mo, stainless and aluminium. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/on-tav-hesaplama/)
- [Filler metal and shielding gas selector](https://benchmaths.com/filler-metal-selector/): Choose the welding wire and shielding gas for two base metals, including dissimilar joints such as carbon steel to stainless, Hardox or Cr-Mo. AWS and EN ISO 14341 / 14343 designations, backing gas and the reasons for the choice. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/kaynak-teli-ve-gaz-secimi/)
- [Weld metal and consumables calculator](https://benchmaths.com/weld-metal-calculator/): Calculate weld cross-section, deposited weld metal (kg), filler wire needed, arc time and shielding gas for fillet, single-V, double-V and square butt welds of any length. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/kaynak-sarf-malzeme-hesaplama/)
- [Heat input check and t8/5 cooling time](https://benchmaths.com/t85-cooling-time-calculator/): Check heat input and t8/5 cooling time for root, fill and cap runs against the allowed window for your two base metals. 2D/3D heat flow per EN 1011-2, with required preheat for high-strength and wear-resistant steels. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/t85-soguma-suresi-hesaplama/)
- [WPS generator (EN ISO 15609-1)](https://benchmaths.com/wps-generator/): Create a welding procedure specification online, step by step, with the fields required by EN ISO 15609-1. Filler, gas, preheat and run sequence are suggested; download the WPS as a PDF with your company logo. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/wps-hazirlama/)

## Fabrication

- [Steel weight calculator and bill of materials](https://benchmaths.com/steel-weight-calculator/): Calculate steel weight and build a bill of materials: IPE, HEA, HEB, UPN, angles, box sections, pipes, plates and bars by grade (steel, stainless, aluminium). Totals by type, CSV and PDF export. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/celik-agirlik-hesaplama/)
- [Bar cutting optimizer (1D cutting stock)](https://benchmaths.com/cutting-optimizer/): Free 1D cutting optimizer for steel profiles, pipes and bars: import the cut list from Excel, get the fewest stock bars with the least scrap, saw kerf, end trim and reusable offcuts. PDF and CSV cutting plan. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/profil-kesim-optimizasyonu/)
- [DXF sheet nesting (true shape)](https://benchmaths.com/dxf-nesting/): Nest DXF parts on sheet metal online: true-shape nesting with holes, parts inside holes, rotation and spacing. Upload several DXF files, set quantities and sheet sizes, export the layout as DXF and PDF. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/dxf-sac-yerlesimi/)

## Hydraulics & pneumatics

- [Hydraulic cylinder calculator](https://benchmaths.com/hydraulic-cylinder-calculator/): Hydraulic cylinder force calculator: push and pull force, extend and retract speed, oil volume and pump power from bore, rod, pressure and flow, with an Euler buckling check of the piston rod. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/hidrolik-silindir-hesaplama/)
- [Pneumatic cylinder calculator](https://benchmaths.com/pneumatic-cylinder-calculator/): Pneumatic cylinder force and air consumption calculator: theoretical and usable force, load ratio, maximum load and free-air consumption in Nl/min for ISO 15552 and ISO 6432 standard bores. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/pnomatik-silindir-hesaplama/)
- [Vacuum suction cup calculator](https://benchmaths.com/vacuum-cup-calculator/): Vacuum cup sizing calculator: required holding force for horizontal and vertical load cases with acceleration and safety factor, holding force per cup and minimum suction cup diameter. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/vakum-vantuz-hesaplama/)

## Motors & electrics

- [Motor sizing calculator](https://benchmaths.com/motor-sizing-calculator/): Electric motor sizing: torque, speed and power at the motor shaft for rotary tables, ball screw axes, belt conveyors and hoists, through a gearbox, with acceleration, friction and service factor. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/motor-secimi-hesaplama/)
- [Motor current and cable size calculator](https://benchmaths.com/cable-size-calculator/): Calculate the rated and starting current of a 3-phase or single-phase motor and the minimum copper cable cross-section from voltage drop and current-carrying capacity per IEC 60364-5-52. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/kablo-kesiti-hesaplama/)

## Guides

- [How to weld Hardox wear plate](https://benchmaths.com/guides/how-to-weld-hardox/): A practical guide to welding Hardox wear plate: why preheat depends on grade and thickness, which filler metal to use, hydrogen control, interpass temperature and heat input. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/rehberler/hardox-nasil-kaynatilir/)
- [S355 preheat temperature by thickness](https://benchmaths.com/guides/s355-preheat-temperature/): Minimum preheat temperature for welding S355 steel by plate thickness and hydrogen level, calculated with EN 1011-2 Annex C method B (CET). Table for 10–80 mm and H5, H10, H15. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/rehberler/s355-on-tav-sicakligi/)
- [When to use 309L filler metal](https://benchmaths.com/guides/when-to-use-309l-filler/): Why 309L (ER309L, EN ISO 14343 23 12 L) is the standard filler for welding carbon or low-alloy steel to austenitic stainless steel, when to choose 309LMo or a nickel alloy instead, and how dilution works. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/rehberler/309l-ne-zaman-kullanilir/)
- [How to calculate welding heat input](https://benchmaths.com/guides/how-to-calculate-welding-heat-input/): Welding heat input formula with worked examples: arc energy from voltage, current and travel speed, thermal efficiency factors k per EN 1011-1, and the difference to ASME heat input. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/rehberler/kaynak-isi-girdisi-nasil-hesaplanir/)
- [Carbon equivalent: CE, CET and Pcm](https://benchmaths.com/guides/carbon-equivalent-ce-cet-pcm/): What carbon equivalent means for weldability, the CE(IIW), CET and Pcm formulas, which preheat method uses which, and a worked example for S355J2. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/rehberler/karbon-esdegeri-ce-cet-pcm/)
- [Hydraulic cylinder force chart](https://benchmaths.com/guides/hydraulic-cylinder-force-chart/): Hydraulic cylinder force table for standard bores 25–200 mm at 100, 160, 210 and 250 bar, with the formula, rod-side force and how to convert kN to tonnes. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/rehberler/hidrolik-silindir-kuvvet-tablosu/)
- [Steel plate weight chart](https://benchmaths.com/guides/steel-plate-weight-chart/): Steel plate weight table: kg per square metre for 1–50 mm thickness and the weight of standard sheet sizes 1000×2000, 1250×2500, 1500×3000 and 2000×6000 mm, with the formula. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/rehberler/sac-agirlik-tablosu/)
- [WPS vs PQR (WPQR)](https://benchmaths.com/guides/wps-vs-pqr-vs-wpqr/): The difference between a welding procedure specification (WPS), a procedure qualification record (PQR / WPQR) and a pWPS, how they relate under EN ISO 15607, 15609-1, 15614-1 and ASME Section IX. (Turkish: https://benchmaths.com/tr/rehberler/wps-pqr-wpqr-farki/)

## Notes

- Standards and data used: EN 1011-1, EN 1011-2, EN ISO 15609-1, EN ISO 14341, EN ISO 14343, AWS A5, EN 10365, EN 10219, ISO 3320, ISO 15552, ISO 6432, IEC 60034, IEC 60364-5-52, SSAB Hardox / Strenx.
- Input files: DXF (nesting), XLSX/XLS/CSV (cut lists), PNG/JPG (logo). Output: PDF, DXF, CSV.
- A quick preheat / cylinder / cable check works without an account on the home page; the full calculators need a free account.
- Results are engineering estimates for planning; they do not replace a qualified procedure (WPQR), the applicable standard or a check by a qualified engineer.
- Turkish version: https://benchmaths.com/tr/